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Tough, tough category. I gave this a fair amount of thought as to what constitutes a one-hit wonder. It would have to be a recognizable character (not necessarily the lead) that may have had an impact on the movie industry or culture. And then the actor/actress basically faded into obscurity.
I came up with several actresses who I believe made one good, solid memorable film. And even though they may have continued acting, they never scored big again. They would be Phoebe Cates in Fast Times at Ridgemont High and Mia Sara in Ferris Bueller's Day Off. Both of whom I've previously posted on. Actors such as Chris Makepiece in Meatballs and Ilan Mitchell-Smith from Weird Science also come to mind. And an argument can be made that James Dean was a one-hit wonder with East of Eden, but I truly believe he would have had many more successes had he not died. Same deal with Heath Ledger.
No, I'm going with a semi-obscure Steven King based movie - 1983's Christine starring Keith Gordon. He played the nerdy mechanic wannabe Arnie Cunningham who fixes up an old (possessed) 1958 Plymouth Fury in order to get the girl. Kieth Gordon did go on to have a semi-memorable part in Back to School but was pretty much upstaged by Rodney Dangerfield. He has since gone on to direct some 15 films and TV series including Showtime's Dexter, but he never acted in a memorable film after Christine.
See who everyone else thinks is a one-hit wonder over at Joanna's. There won't be any seconds.